The objective of this project is to design and program a complete marine ecosystem model for quantitative evaluation of: the effects of man, environmental changes (anomalies) and interspecies interactions on the dynamics of marine ecosystem, with emphasis on economically important species. The five basic groups of components in this model ; 1) static components, 2) dynamic environmental components and factors, 3) dynamic biological components and factors, 4) effects of man, 5) feedback channels.

This report references age distribution data of invertebrate species (Protothaca staminea); oil contaminant data of algal communities, algal species (Fucus gardneri), invertebrate communities, and invertebrate species: Littorina scutulata, Littorina sitkana, Mytilus trossulus, Protothaca staminea, and Saxidomus giganteus, and sediment; and population abundance data of algal communities, algal species (Fucus gardneri), invertebrate communities, and invertebrate species: Littorina scutulata, Littorina sitkana, Mytilus trossulus, and Protothaca staminea from Prince William Sound, Alaska. The aforementioned data are referenced in citation: Houghton, J. P., W. B. Driskell, D. C. Lees, and A. J. Mearns. 1991. Impacts of the Exxon Valdez spill and subsequent cleanup on intertidal biota - 1 year later. In Proceedings of the 1991 International Oil Spill Conference, 4-7 March 1991, San Diego, California, PP. 467-475. AKPI Publication No. 4529, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. This literature was collected as part of a metadatabase that represents one or more nearshore resources (from physical attributes such as water and air, to birds and mammals). Each entry is viewable in three formats, 1) a geospatial explicit format (ArcView 3.3) named GIS ArcView 3.3 Near GEM project, 2) a spreadsheet format (Excel 2002 and within ArcView) named GEM Nearshore Metadata Set, and 3) a ProCite database named GEM Nearshore Metadata References, which consists of references included in 1 and 2 above. The ProCite database record number corresponds to the Excel Procite Number. Reference Procite #476 for this literature's metadata. The metadata are maintained in digital format (ArcView 3.3, Excel 2002, and Procite) and are available from the Alaska Science Center, USGS in Anchorage, Alaska. For a detailed description of the three databases and the project, see "Bodkin, J. L., and T. Dean. 2003. Alternative Sampling Designs for Nearshore Monitoring (Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Project G-030687), US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska." available on-line at http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/pdf/GEM_final_reports/030687.pdf.

This thesis and journal article references geographic distribution, growth, population abundance, production, and size distribution data of invertebrate species (Protothaca staminea) from Galena Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska. The aforementioned data are referenced in citation: Paul, A.J. 1973. A study of growth, recruitment, and distribution of Protothaca staminea in Galena Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska. University of Alaska. M.S. Thesis. 74pp and Paul, A. J. and H. M. Feder. 1973. Growth, recruitment, and distribution of the littleneck clam, Protothaca staminea, in Galena Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska. Fishery Bulletin 71(3): 665-677. This literature was collected as part of a metadatabase that represents one or more nearshore resources (from physical attributes such as water and air, to birds and mammals). Each entry is viewable in three formats, 1) a geospatial explicit format (ArcView 3.3) named GIS ArcView 3.3 Near GEM project, 2) a spreadsheet format (Excel 2002 and within ArcView) named GEM Nearshore Metadata Set, and 3) a ProCite database named GEM Nearshore Metadata References, which consists of references included in 1 and 2 above. The ProCite database record number corresponds to the Excel Procite Number. Reference Procite #771 for this literature's metadata. The metadata are maintained in digital format (ArcView 3.3, Excel 2002, and Procite) and are available from the Alaska Science Center, USGS in Anchorage, Alaska. For a detailed description of the three databases and the project, see "Bodkin, J. L., and T. Dean. 2003. Alternative Sampling Designs for Nearshore Monitoring (Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Project G-030687), US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska." available on-line at http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/pdf/GEM_final_reports/030687.pdf.

Atmospheric and surface sea water pCO2 on board the NOAA ship, Ka'imimoana. Measurements taken by PMEL scientists from September 30 to October 27, 1996. Underway pCO2 data are available on-line via FTP. See http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/uwpco2/uwpco2_ftp.html to gain data access via a terminal session or go directly to ftp://ftp.pmel.noaa.gov/uwpCO2/ .

This journal article references growth, population abundance, and size distribution data of invertebrate species: Protothaca staminea and Saxidomus giganteus from Simpson Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska. The aforementioned data are referenced in citation: Nickerson, R. B. 1977. A study of the littleneck clam (Protothaca staminea Conrad) and the butter clam (Saxidomus giganteus Deshayes) in a habitat permitting coexistence, Prince William Sound, Alaska. Proc. Natl. Shellfish. Assoc., Md., 67: 85-102. This literature was collected as part of a metadatabase that represents one or more nearshore resources (from physical attributes such as water and air, to birds and mammals). Each entry is viewable in three formats, 1) a geospatial explicit format (ArcView 3.3) named GIS ArcView 3.3 Near GEM project, 2) a spreadsheet format (Excel 2002 and within ArcView) named GEM Nearshore Metadata Set, and 3) a ProCite database named GEM Nearshore Metadata References, which consists of references included in 1 and 2 above. The ProCite database record number corresponds to the Excel Procite Number. Reference Procite #714 for this literature's metadata. The metadata are maintained in digital format (ArcView 3.3, Excel 2002, and Procite) and are available from the Alaska Science Center, USGS in Anchorage, Alaska. For a detailed description of the three databases and the project, see "Bodkin, J. L., and T. Dean. 2003. Alternative Sampling Designs for Nearshore Monitoring (Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Project G-030687), US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska." available on-line at http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/pdf/GEM_final_reports/030687.pdf.

This journal article references diet data of fish species: Ammodytes hexapterus and Clupea pallasi and diet and health measures data of nearshore bird communities from Prince William Sound, Alaska. The aforementioned data are referenced in citation: Ostrand, W.D. and J.M. Maniscalco. 1996. Seabird/forage fish interactions in Prince William Sound: preliminary results. Pacific Seabirds 23 (1): 45. This literature was collected as part of a metadatabase that represents one or more nearshore resources (from physical attributes such as water and air, to birds and mammals). Each entry is viewable in three formats, 1) a geospatial explicit format (ArcView 3.3) named GIS ArcView 3.3 Near GEM project, 2) a spreadsheet format (Excel 2002 and within ArcView) named GEM Nearshore Metadata Set, and 3) a ProCite database named GEM Nearshore Metadata References, which consists of references included in 1 and 2 above. The ProCite database record number corresponds to the Excel Procite Number. Reference Procite #755 for this literature's metadata. The metadata are maintained in digital format (ArcView 3.3, Excel 2002, and Procite) and are available from the Alaska Science Center, USGS in Anchorage, Alaska. For a detailed description of the three databases and the project, see "Bodkin, J. L., and T. Dean. 2003. Alternative Sampling Designs for Nearshore Monitoring (Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Project G-030687), US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska." available on-line at http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/pdf/GEM_final_reports/030687.pdf.

This report references biomass, diversity, population abundance, and species composition data of invertebrate communities and invertebrate species (Pycnopodia helianthoides) from the Gulf of Alaska. The aforementioned data are referenced in citation: Jewett, S.C. and H.M. Feder. 1976. The distribution, abundance and diversity of epibenthic invertebrates of the northeast Gulf of Alaska. In Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf, Vol. 2, Principal Investigator's Reports July - September 1976, US Department of Commerce, NOAA. This literature was collected as part of a metadatabase that represents one or more nearshore resources (from physical attributes such as water and air, to birds and mammals). Each entry is viewable in three formats, 1) a geospatial explicit format (ArcView 3.3) named GIS ArcView 3.3 Near GEM project, 2) a spreadsheet format (Excel 2002 and within ArcView) named GEM Nearshore Metadata Set, and 3) a ProCite database named GEM Nearshore Metadata References, which consists of references included in 1 and 2 above. The ProCite database record number corresponds to the Excel Procite Number. Reference Procite #1144 for this literature's metadata. The metadata are maintained in digital format (ArcView 3.3, Excel 2002, and Procite) and are available from the Alaska Science Center, USGS in Anchorage, Alaska. For a detailed description of the three databases and the project, see "Bodkin, J. L., and T. Dean. 2003. Alternative Sampling Designs for Nearshore Monitoring (Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Project G-030687), US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska." available on-line at http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/pdf/GEM_final_reports/030687.pdf.

This journal article references diversity, oil contaminant, population abundance, and species richness data of nearshore bird communities from Prince William Sound, Alaska. The aforementioned data are referenced in citation: Wiens, J.A., T.O. Crist, R.H. Day, S.M. Murphy, and G.D. Hayward. 1996. Effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on marine bird communities in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Ecological Applications 6:828-841. This literature was collected as part of a metadatabase that represents one or more nearshore resources (from physical attributes such as water and air, to birds and mammals). Each entry is viewable in three formats, 1) a geospatial explicit format (ArcView 3.3) named GIS ArcView 3.3 Near GEM project, 2) a spreadsheet format (Excel 2002 and within ArcView) named GEM Nearshore Metadata Set, and 3) a ProCite database named GEM Nearshore Metadata References, which consists of references included in 1 and 2 above. The ProCite database record number corresponds to the Excel Procite Number. Reference Procite #1045 for this literature's metadata. The metadata are maintained in digital format (ArcView 3.3, Excel 2002, and Procite) and are available from the Alaska Science Center, USGS in Anchorage, Alaska. For a detailed description of the three databases and the project, see "Bodkin, J. L., and T. Dean. 2003. Alternative Sampling Designs for Nearshore Monitoring (Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Project G-030687), US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska." available on-line at http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/pdf/GEM_final_reports/030687.pdf.

This report references population abundance data of sea otters (Enhydra lutris), goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica), harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus), and nearshore bird communities and species composition data of goldeneyes (Bucephala spp.), harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) and nearshore bird communities from Passage Canal, Prince William Sound, Alaska. The aforementioned data are referenced in citation: Irons, D.B. and J.L. Trapp. 1983. Results of a shoreline waterbird survey in Passage Canal, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1 September 1983. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Mar. Bird Manage., Div. Wildl. Assist., Anchorage, Alaska. This literature was collected as part of a metadatabase that represents one or more nearshore resources (from physical attributes such as water and air, to birds and mammals). Each entry is viewable in three formats, 1) a geospatial explicit format (ArcView 3.3) named GIS ArcView 3.3 Near GEM project, 2) a spreadsheet format (Excel 2002 and within ArcView) named GEM Nearshore Metadata Set, and 3) a ProCite database named GEM Nearshore Metadata References, which consists of references included in 1 and 2 above. The ProCite database record number corresponds to the Excel Procite Number. Reference Procite #496 for this literature's metadata. The metadata are maintained in digital format (ArcView 3.3, Excel 2002, and Procite) and are available from the Alaska Science Center, USGS in Anchorage, Alaska. For a detailed description of the three databases and the project, see "Bodkin, J. L., and T. Dean. 2003. Alternative Sampling Designs for Nearshore Monitoring (Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Project G-030687), US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska." available on-line at http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/pdf/GEM_final_reports/030687.pdf.

This report references harvest data of invertebrate communities from the Gulf of Alaska. The aforementioned data are referenced in citation: Orth, F., C. Smelcer, H. Feder, and J. Williams. 1976. The Alaska Clam Fishery: A Survey and analysis of the Economic Potential. Marine Science Technical Report. R75-3. This literature was collected as part of a metadatabase that represents one or more nearshore resources (from physical attributes such as water and air, to birds and mammals). Each entry is viewable in three formats, 1) a geospatial explicit format (ArcView 3.3) named GIS ArcView 3.3 Near GEM project, 2) a spreadsheet format (Excel 2002 and within ArcView) named GEM Nearshore Metadata Set, and 3) a ProCite database named GEM Nearshore Metadata References, which consists of references included in 1 and 2 above. The ProCite database record number corresponds to the Excel Procite Number. Reference Procite #752 for this literature's metadata. The metadata are maintained in digital format (ArcView 3.3, Excel 2002, and Procite) and are available from the Alaska Science Center, USGS in Anchorage, Alaska. For a detailed description of the three databases and the project, see "Bodkin, J. L., and T. Dean. 2003. Alternative Sampling Designs for Nearshore Monitoring (Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Project G-030687), US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska." available on-line at http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/pdf/GEM_final_reports/030687.pdf.