The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) is a Department of Defense program which is responsible for designing, building, launching and operating polar orbiting meteorological satellites. The satellites can broadcast visual, infrared and microwave imagery directly to transportable tactical sites around the world. The data is also stored for transmission to the Navy's Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) and to the Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC). Each of the DMSP satellites flies in a sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit. For a satellite in sun synchronous orbit, the ascending equatorial crossing time remains relatively constant with respect to the local time throughout the lifetime of the satellite. The SSM/I is a seven channel, four frequency, linearly-polarized passive microwave radiometric system which measures atmospheric, ocean and terrain microwave brightness temperatures at 19.35, 22.235, 37.0 and 85.5 GHz. SSM/I's output voltages are transmitted to the FNMOC in Monterey, California, where they are converted to sensor counts. FNMOC then converts the sensor counts into antenna temperatures (Temperature Data Records - TDR), brightness temperatures (Sensor Data Records - SDR) and derived geophysical parameters (Environmental Data Records -EDR). SSM/I TDRs are sent to NOAA-SAA for their on-line database. The SSM/I rotates continuously about an axis parallel to the local spacecraft vertical at 31.6 rpm and measures the upwelling scene brightness temperatures over an angular sector of 102.4 degrees about the subsatellite track. This results in a swath width of approximately 1400 km. The EDR data are derived from TDRs and SDRs, and measure various parameters over the ocean, ice and land surfaces. There are five oceanic parameters: surface wind speed, cloud water content, water vapor content, rainfall intensity and liquid water content. There are four ice parameters: ice concentration, ice age, ice edge and cloud water content over ice. There are eight land parameters: rain intensity, liquid water content, surface moisture, cloud water content, snow water content, surface character, surface temperature and cloud amount. Not all parameters are simultaneously possible.

Atmospheric and surface sea water pCO2 on board the NOAA ship, Ka'imimoana. Measurements taken by PMEL scientists from April 18 to May 19, 1998. Underway pCO2 data are available on-line via FTP. See http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/uwpco2/uwpco2_ftp.html to gain data access via a terminal session or go directly to ftp://ftp.pmel.noaa.gov/uwpCO2/ .

Atmospheric and surface sea water pCO 2 on board the NOAA ship, Ka'imimoana. Measurements taken by PMEL scientists from March 28 to April 24, 2004. Underway pCO2 data are available on-line via FTP. See http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/uwpco2/uwpco2_ftp.html to gain data access via a terminal session or go directly to ftp://ftp.pmel.noaa.gov/uwpCO2/ .

This report includes analyses of data collected by the NOAA ship SURVEYOR in the southeastern Bering Sea during March 1979. The first section presents CTD's and data on sea surface temperature and salinity and on surface winds and air temperature. The data indicate that ice was advected southward to the ice edge. The second section describes two cases when cold continental air moved from the ice over the water at the edge. An estimate is made of the resulting surface heat flux.[Reference: Salo, S.A., C.H. Pease, and R.W. Lindsay. 1980. Physical Environment of the Eastern Bering Sea March 1979. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL PMEL-21. 128p. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 3711 - 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105.]

Atmospheric and surface sea water pCO2 on board the VOS Columbus Waikato. Measurements taken by PMEL scientists from March 3 to 16, 2004. Underway pCO2 data are available on-line via FTP. See http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/uwpco2/uwpco2_ftp.html to gain data access via a terminal session or go directly to ftp://ftp.pmel.noaa.gov/uwpCO2/ .

Atmospheric and surface sea water pCO2 on board the NOAA ship, Ka'imimoana. Measurements taken by PMEL scientists from January 18 to February 15, 2001. Underway pCO2 data are available on-line via FTP. See http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/uwpco2/uwpco2_ftp.html to gain data access via a terminal session or go directly to ftp://ftp.pmel.noaa.gov/uwpCO2/ .

Publication Title: Climatic Maps of North America (pub.1936).Contains summarized surface data with monthly sea level isotherms; actual temperatures for Jan. and July; mean annual temperature range; annual maximum and minimum temperatures; mean sea level pressure Jan. and July; mean monthly and annual precipitation; average relative humidity Jan. and July; mean daytime cloudiness Jan. and July; and days with thunderstorms.Discussions of the maps are to be found in Vol. II, Part J of the Handbook, Only the legends are reproduced here. The original size has been retained, which will permit the use of blank bases in order to extract pertinent data from a number of maps for combination onto one. The base map is from Goodeﾒs Series of Base Maps, North America on Lambertﾒs Azinuthal Projection, No. 202. The data on which these maps were based were compiled by the government weather services of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.Available from the NOAA Library System: URL http://www.lib.noaa.gov/.

The Bering Sea responds strongly to major changes in atmospheric forcing. This response is vividly illustrated by the record warm sea surface temperatures that occurred in summer 1997, and the strong mixing in spring 1998. The spring 1998 mixing was due to intense storminess after nearly a decade of reduced storm activity. A large part of this variability is associated with large-scale atmospheric teleconnection modes that fluctuate on monthly to decadal time scales. The modes of particular importance to the Bering Sea during the cool season are the Pacific-North American pattern (PNA) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The AO is receiving great interest because its persistent phase since about 1989 may be related to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. Less work has been done on the atmospheric variability during the biologically active warm season, but one mode, the North Pacific pattern (NP), seems to be especially important to the Bering Sea. The NP undergoes considerable decadal variability and appears to be linked to ENSO. The goal of our work is to establish the dynamic relationships between the large-scale changes in the climate system (as encapsulated by the teleconnection indices) and the high-frequency, local forcing of the Bering Sea, especially with regard to sea ice, ocean transport and mixed-layer ocean processes. This research relies upon the daily data available from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis for the period 1958 to the present. Our work will reveal the extent to which air-sea interactions in the Bering Sea are predictable, and the probable changes in these air-sea interactions that accompany shifts in the climate system. Our results will provide a firm climate context for the further study of historical changes in biological populations. An NPMR project

The Bering Sea is a region of extreme seasonal as well as substantial interannual variability in its air-ice-ocean environment. This chapter updates work on the weather/climate and ice environment of the Bering Sea and its surrounding environs. Topics with extra emphasis include polynyas, analyses of ~ 50 years long time series of the air-ice-ocean parameters, analysis of a climate "regime shift" and the connection of the Bering Sea environment with interannual variability in the Aleutian Low (i.e. indices of interannual atmospheric variation such as the North Pacific (NP) and western Pacific (WP) oscillation in the North Pacific as well as the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) in the tropical Pacific.

Sea level height data from DART Station 46405 - D130 at 42.90N 130.91W. Water Column Height is at 46405 meters. Events data are also provided if any are available. Data are recorded in pounds per square inch absolute (PSIA), but are displayed in meters after applying a constant 670.00 mm of water/PSIA conversion factor.DART systems consist of an anchored seafloor bottom pressure recorder (BPR) and a companion moored surface buoy for real-time communications. An acoustic link transmits data from the BPR on the seafloor to the surface buoy. The data are then relayed via a GOES satellite link to ground stations, which demodulate the signals for immediate dissemination to NOAA's Tsunami Warning Centers, NDBC, and PMEL.PMEL DART program website http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/Dart/ Real-time data is available at the National Data Buoy Center http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml